1. Compressed gas electricity storage solutions like compressed air, liquid air, and liquid carbon dioxide have intractable efficiency challenges and siting constraints.
2. Thermodynamics plays a significant role in the efficiency and limitations of compressed gas storage solutions, with the laws of thermodynamics presenting challenges to achieving high efficiency.
3. While compressed air storage has advantages over other compressed gases, such as utilizing the atmosphere for storage and avoiding phase changes, it still faces challenges in terms of efficiency and scalability when compared to alternatives like pumped hydro.
CleanTechnica offers daily news updates through email or Google News. Three years ago, a projection on grid storage demand and solutions was made, highlighting compressed gas storage solutions like compressed air, liquid air, and liquid carbon dioxide. These solutions were seen to have efficiency challenges and siting constraints. However, further exploration into thermodynamics and operational requirements has shown potential for compressed gas solutions. Compressed air storage has advantages due to using the atmosphere as the container and the free nature of air. Liquid air and liquid carbon dioxide storage face challenges with thermal management and turbine efficiencies. Supercritical carbon dioxide, while promising, poses problems for turbines. In comparison, pumped hydro remains a more established and scalable energy storage solution. The overall efficiency and limitations of compressed gas storage solutions indicate the need for further advancements in the energy storage sector.